![]() ![]() ![]() (iii) Barrier island habitat used for denning, refuge from human disturbance, and movements along the coast to access maternal den and optimal feeding habitat, which includes all barrier islands along the Alaska coast and their associated spits, within the range of the polar bear in the United States, and the water, ice, and terrestrial habitat within 1.6 km (1 mi) of these islands (no-disturbance zone). (D) The absence of disturbance from humans and human activities that might attract other polar bears. (C) Sea ice in proximity to terrestrial denning habitat prior to the onset of denning during the fall to provide access to terrestrial den sites and (B) Unobstructed, undisturbed access between den sites and the coast (A) Steep, stable slopes (range 15.5–50.0°), with heights ranging from 1.3 to 34 m (4.3 to 111.6 ft), and with water or relatively level ground below the slope and relatively flat terrain above the slope ![]() (ii) Terrestrial denning habitat, which includes topographic features, such as coastal bluffs and river banks, with the following suitable macrohabitat characteristics: (i) Sea-ice habitat used for feeding, breeding, denning, and movements, which is sea ice over waters 300 m (984.2 ft) or less in depth that occurs over the continental shelf with adequate prey resources (primarily ringed and bearded seals) to support polar bears. (2) The primary constituent elements of critical habitat for the polar bear in the United States are: (1) Critical habitat areas are in the State of Alaska, and adjacent territorial and U.S. Polar Bear ( Ursus maritimus) in the United States (i) Note: Map 1-General Location of the Mariana Fruit Bat Unit follows: Coordinates are in UTM Zone 55 with units in meters using North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)/World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). (4) The critical habitat unit is described below. (3) Critical habitat does not include existing features and structures within the boundaries of the mapped units, such as buildings, roads, aqueducts, antennas, water tanks, agricultural fields, paved areas, lawns, and other urban landscaped areas not containing one or more of the primary constituent elements. (ii) Remote locations, often within 328 ft (100 m) of clifflines that are 260 to 590 ft (80 to 100 m) tall, with limited exposure to human disturbance land that contains mature fig, Mammea odorata (chopak), Casuarina equisetifolia (gago), Macaranga thompsonii (pengua), Guettarda speciosa (panao), Neisosperma oppositifolia (fagot), and other tree species that are used for roosting and breeding. (fig), Pandanus tectorius (kafu), Cocos nucifera (coconut palm), and Terminalia catappa (talisai) and (breadfruit), Carica papaya (papaya), Cycas circinalis (fadang), Ficus spp. (i) Plant species used for foraging, such as Artocarpus sp. These forest types provide the primary constituent elements of: (2) Within this area, the primary constituent elements required by the Mariana fruit bat for the biological needs of foraging, sheltering, roosting, and rearing of young are found in areas supporting limestone, secondary, ravine, swamp, agricultural, and coastal forests composed of native or introduced plant species. (1) The critical habitat unit for the Mariana fruit bat is depicted for the Territory of Guam on the maps below. Mariana Fruit Bat ( Pteropus mariannus mariannus) ![]()
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